Hi Boris,
in trunk Squeak 6.1 alpha, VM Open Smalltalk Cog[Spur] VM [CoInterpreterPrimitives VMMaker.oscog-eem.3256] 5.20221022.0042, I get the debugger both ways. Both routes, testDirect & testIndirect result in a notifier failing in primitives 83, 84 & 100. The failure code for #100, Object>>#perform:withArguments:inSuperclass:, infers that the number of arguments is incorrect.
When I modify the source of these methods to include the primitive error code then in each failure the VM correctly supplies the #'bad number of arguments' error code.
So I see a correct system. I'm not seeing what you're seeing.