tim Rowledge uploaded a new version of Help-Squeak-TerseGuide to project The Trunk: http://source.squeak.org/trunk/Help-Squeak-TerseGuide-tpr.8.mcz
==================== Summary ====================
Name: Help-Squeak-TerseGuide-tpr.8 Author: tpr Time: 30 May 2018, 4:36:43.105355 pm UUID: 9754754a-173e-4793-b0c0-1dc047ec9bf6 Ancestors: Help-Squeak-TerseGuide-topa.7
Update some help related methods; plenty more to come in this class.
=============== Diff against Help-Squeak-TerseGuide-topa.7 ===============
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>arithmetic (in category 'pages') ----- arithmetic + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #arithmetic" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Arithmetic Expressions' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Arithmetic expressions: * ************************************************************************" | x | x := 6 + 3. "addition" x := 6 - 3. "subtraction" x := 6 * 3. "multiplication" x := 1 + 2 * 3. "evaluation always left to right (1 + 2) * 3" x := 5 / 3. "division with fractional result" x := 5.0 / 3.0. "division with float result" x := 5.0 // 3.0. "integer divide" x := 5.0 \ 3.0. "integer remainder" x := -5. "unary minus" x := 5 sign. "numeric sign (1, -1 or 0)" x := 5 negated. "negate receiver" x := 1.2 integerPart. "integer part of number (1.0)" x := 1.2 fractionPart. "fractional part of number (0.2)" x := 5 reciprocal. "reciprocal function" x := 6 * 3.1. "auto convert to float" x := 5 squared. "square function" x := 25 sqrt. "square root" x := 5 raisedTo: 2. "power function" x := 5 raisedToInteger: 2. "power function with integer" x := 5 exp. "exponential" x := -5 abs. "absolute value" x := 3.99 rounded. "round" x := 3.99 truncated. "truncate" x := 3.99 roundTo: 1. "round to specified decimal places" x := 3.99 truncateTo: 1. "truncate to specified decimal places" x := 3.99 floor. "truncate" x := 3.99 ceiling. "round up" x := 5 factorial. "factorial" x := -5 quo: 3. "integer divide rounded toward zero" x := -5 rem: 3. "integer remainder rounded toward zero" x := 28 gcd: 12. "greatest common denominator" x := 28 lcm: 12. "least common multiple" x := 100 ln. "natural logarithm" x := 100 log. "base 10 logarithm" x := 100 log: 10 . "logarithm with specified base" x := 100 floorLog: 10. "floor of the log" x := 180 degreesToRadians. "convert degrees to radians" x := 3.14 radiansToDegrees. "convert radians to degrees" x := 0.7 sin. "sine" x := 0.7 cos. "cosine" x := 0.7 tan. "tangent" x := 0.7 arcSin. "arcsine" x := 0.7 arcCos. "arccosine" x := 0.7 arcTan. "arctangent" x := 10 max: 20. "get maximum of two numbers" x := 10 min: 20. "get minimum of two numbers" x := Float pi. "pi" x := Float e. "exp constant" x := Float infinity. "infinity" x := Float nan. "not-a-number" x := Random new next; yourself. x next. "random number stream (0.0 to 1.0)" x := 100 atRandom. "quick random number"
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>array (in category 'pages') ----- array + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #array" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Array' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Array: Fixed length collection * * ByteArray: Array limited to byte elements (0-255) * * WordArray: Array limited to word elements (0-2^32) * ************************************************************************" | b x y sum max | x := #(4 3 2 1). "constant array" x := Array with: 5 with: 4 with: 3 with: 2. "create array with up to 4 elements" x := Array new: 4. "allocate an array with specified size" x "set array elements" at: 1 put: 5; at: 2 put: 4; at: 3 put: 3; at: 4 put: 2. b := x isEmpty. "test if array is empty" y := x size. "array size" y := x at: 4. "get array element at index" b := x includes: 3. "test if element is in array" y := x copyFrom: 2 to: 4. "subarray" y := x indexOf: 3 ifAbsent: [0]. "first position of element within array" y := x occurrencesOf: 3. "number of times object in collection" x do: [:a | Transcript show: a printString; cr]. "iterate over the array" b := x allSatisfy: [:a | (a >= 1) & (a <= 4)]. "test if all elements meet condition" y := x select: [:a | a > 2]. "return collection of elements that pass test" y := x reject: [:a | a < 2]. "return collection of elements that fail test" y := x collect: [:a | a + a]. "transform each element for new collection" y := x detect: [:a | a > 3] ifNone: []. "return first element that passes test" y := x findFirst: [:a | a < 3]. "find position of first element that passes test" sum := 0. x do: [:a | sum := sum + a]. sum. "sum array elements" sum := 0. 1 to: (x size) do: [:a | sum := sum + (x at: a)]. "sum array elements" sum := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | a + c]. "sum array elements" max := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | (a > c) "find max element in array" ifTrue: [a] ifFalse: [c]]. y := x shuffled. "randomly shuffle collection" y := x asArray. "convert to array" y := x asByteArray. "convert to byte array" y := x asWordArray. "convert to word array" y := x asOrderedCollection. "convert to ordered collection" y := x asSortedCollection. "convert to sorted collection" y := x asBag. "convert to bag collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>assignment (in category 'pages') ----- assignment + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #assignment" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Assignment' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Assignment: * ************************************************************************" | x y z | x _ 4. "assignment (Squeak) <-" x := 5. "assignment" x := y := z := 6. "compound assignment" x := (y := 6) + 1. x := Object new. "bind to allocated instance of a class" x := 123 class. "discover the object class" x := Integer superclass. "discover the superclass of a class" x := Object allInstances. "get an array of all instances of a class" x := Integer allSuperclasses. "get all superclasses of a class" x := 1.2 hash. "hash value for object" y := x copy. "copy object" y := x shallowCopy. "copy object (not overridden)" y := x deepCopy. "copy object and instance vars" y := x veryDeepCopy. "complete tree copy using a dictionary"
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>association (in category 'pages') ----- association + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #association" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Association' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Associations: * ************************************************************************" | x y | x := #myVar->''hello''. y := x key. y := x value.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>bag (in category 'pages') ----- bag + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #bag" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Bag' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Bag: like OrderedCollection except elements are in no * * particular order * ************************************************************************" | b x y sum max | x := Bag with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements" x := Bag new. "allocate collection" x add: 4; add: 3; add: 1; add: 2; yourself. "add element to collection" x add: 3 withOccurrences: 2. "add multiple copies to collection" y := x addAll: #(7 8 9). "add multiple elements to collection" y := x removeAll: #(7 8 9). "remove multiple elements from collection" y := x remove: 4 ifAbsent: []. "remove element from collection" b := x isEmpty. "test if empty" y := x size. "number of elements" b := x includes: 3. "test if element is in collection" y := x occurrencesOf: 3. "number of times object in collection" x do: [:a | Transcript show: a printString; cr]. "iterate over the collection" b := x allSatisfy: [:a | (a >= 1) & (a <= 4)]. "test if all elements meet condition" y := x select: [:a | a > 2]. "return collection of elements that pass test" y := x reject: [:a | a < 2]. "return collection of elements that fail test" y := x collect: [:a | a + a]. "transform each element for new collection" y := x detect: [:a | a > 3] ifNone: []. "return first element that passes test" sum := 0. x do: [:a | sum := sum + a]. sum. "sum elements" sum := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | a + c]. "sum elements" max := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | (a > c) "find max element in collection" ifTrue: [a] ifFalse: [c]]. y := x asOrderedCollection. "convert to ordered collection" y := x asSortedCollection. "convert to sorted collection" y := x asBag. "convert to bag collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>bitwise (in category 'pages') ----- bitwise + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #bitwise" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Bitwise Manipulation' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Bitwise Manipulation: * ************************************************************************" | b x | x := 16rFF bitAnd: 16r0F. "and bits" x := 16rF0 bitOr: 16r0F. "or bits" x := 16rFF bitXor: 16r0F. "xor bits" x := 16rFF bitInvert. "invert bits" x := 16r0F bitShift: 4. "left shift" x := 16rF0 bitShift: -4. "right shift" x := 16r80 bitAt: 8. "bit at position (0|1)" x := 16r80 highBit. "position of highest bit set" b := 16rFF allMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask set in receiver" b := 16rFF anyMask: 16r0F. "test if any bits set in mask set in receiver" b := 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask clear in receiver"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>block (in category 'pages') ----- block + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #block" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Blocks' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Blocks: * * - blocks are objects and may be assigned to a variable * * - value is last expression evaluated unless explicit return * * - blocks may be nested * * - specification [ arguments | | localvars | expressions ] * * - ^expression terminates block & method (exits all nested blocks) * * - blocks intended for long term storage should not contain ^ * ************************************************************************" | x y z fac | x := [ y := 1. z := 2. ]. x value. "simple block usage" x := [ :argOne :argTwo | argOne, '' and '' , argTwo.]. "set up block with argument passing" Transcript show: (x value: ''First'' value: ''Second''); cr. "use block with argument passing" x := [:e | | v | v := 1. e + v] value: 2. "localvar in a block" fac := [ :n | n > 1 ifTrue: [n * (fac value: n-1)] ifFalse: [1]]. "closure on block variable" fac value: 5. "closure variable scoped to its block"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>boolean (in category 'pages') ----- boolean + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #boolean" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Boolean' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Booleans: * ************************************************************************" | b x y | x := 1. y := 2. b := (x = y). "equals" b := (x ~= y). "not equals" b := (x == y). "identical" b := (x ~~ y). "not identical" b := (x > y). "greater than" b := (x < y). "less than" b := (x >= y). "greater than or equal" b := (x <= y). "less than or equal" b := b not. "boolean not" b := (x < 5) & (y > 1). "boolean and" b := (x < 5) | (y > 1). "boolean or" b := (x < 5) and: [y > 1]. "boolean and (short-circuit)" b := (x < 5) or: [y > 1]. "boolean or (short-circuit)" b := (x < 5) eqv: (y > 1). "test if both true or both false" b := (x < 5) xor: (y > 1). "test if one true and other false" b := 5 between: 3 and: 12. "between (inclusive)" b := 123 isKindOf: Number. "test if object is class or subclass of" b := 123 isMemberOf: SmallInteger. "test if object is type of class" b := 123 respondsTo: #sqrt. "test if object responds to message" b := x isNil. "test if object is nil" b := x isZero. "test if number is zero" b := x positive. "test if number is positive" b := x strictlyPositive. "test if number is greater than zero" b := x negative. "test if number is negative" b := x even. "test if number is even" b := x odd. "test if number is odd" b := x isLiteral. "test if literal constant" b := x isInteger. "test if object is integer" b := x isFloat. "test if object is float" b := x isNumber. "test if object is number" b := $A isUppercase. "test if upper case character" b := $A isLowercase. "test if lower case character"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>character (in category 'pages') ----- character + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #character" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Character' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Character: * ************************************************************************" | x y b | x := $A. "character assignment" y := x isLowercase. "test if lower case" y := x isUppercase. "test if upper case" y := x isLetter. "test if letter" y := x isDigit. "test if digit" y := x isAlphaNumeric. "test if alphanumeric" y := x isSeparator. "test if seperator char" y := x isVowel. "test if vowel" y := x digitValue. "convert to numeric digit value" y := x asLowercase. "convert to lower case" y := x asUppercase. "convert to upper case" y := x asciiValue. "convert to numeric ascii value" y := x asString. "convert to string" b := $A <= $B. "comparison" y := $A max: $B.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>conditionalStatement (in category 'pages') ----- conditionalStatement + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #conditionalStatement" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Conditional Statement' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Conditional Statements: * ************************************************************************" | x switch result | x := 11. x > 10 ifTrue: [Transcript show: ''ifTrue''; cr]. "if then" x > 10 ifFalse: [Transcript show: ''ifFalse''; cr]. "if else" x > 10 "if then else" ifTrue: [Transcript show: ''ifTrue''; cr] ifFalse: [Transcript show: ''ifFalse''; cr]. x > 10 "if else then" ifFalse: [Transcript show: ''ifFalse''; cr] ifTrue: [Transcript show: ''ifTrue''; cr]. Transcript show: (x > 10 ifTrue: [''ifTrue''] ifFalse: [''ifFalse'']); cr. Transcript "nested if then else" show: (x > 10 ifTrue: [x > 5 ifTrue: [''A''] ifFalse: [''B'']] ifFalse: [''C'']); cr. switch := Dictionary new. "switch functionality" switch at: $A put: [Transcript show: ''Case A''; cr]. switch at: $B put: [Transcript show: ''Case B''; cr]. switch at: $C put: [Transcript show: ''Case C''; cr]. result := (switch at: $B) value.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>constants (in category 'pages') ----- constants + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #constants" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Constants' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Constants: * ************************************************************************" | b x | b := true. "true constant" b := false. "false constant" x := nil. "nil object constant" x := 1. "integer constants" x := 3.14. "float constants" x := 2e-2. "fractional constants" x := 16r0F. "hex constant". x := -1. "negative constants" x := ''Hello''. "string constant" x := ''I''''m here''. "single quote escape" x := $A. "character constant" x := $ . "character constant (space)" x := #aSymbol. "symbol constants" x := #(3 2 1). "array constants" x := #(''abc'' 2 $a). "mixing of types allowed"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>conversion (in category 'pages') ----- conversion + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #conversion" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Conversion' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Conversion: * ************************************************************************" | x | x := 3.99 asInteger. "convert number to integer (truncates in Squeak)" x := 3.99 asFraction. "convert number to fraction" x := 3 asFloat. "convert number to float" x := 65 asCharacter. "convert integer to character" x := $A asciiValue. "convert character to integer" x := 3.99 printString. "convert object to string via printOn:" x := 3.99 storeString. "convert object to string via storeOn:" x := 15 radix: 16. "convert to string in given base" x := 15 printStringBase: 16. x := 15 storeStringBase: 16.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>date (in category 'pages') ----- date + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #date" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Date' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Date: * ************************************************************************" | x y b | x := Date today. "create date for today" x := Date dateAndTimeNow. "create date from current time/date" x := Date readFromString: ''01/02/1999''. "create date from formatted string" x := Date newDay: 12 month: #July year: 1999. "create date from parts" x := Date fromDays: 36000. "create date from elapsed days since 1/1/1901" y := Date dayOfWeek: #Monday. "day of week as int (1-7)" y := Date indexOfMonth: #January. "month of year as int (1-12)" y := Date daysInMonth: 2 forYear: 1996. "day of month as int (1-31)" y := Date daysInYear: 1996. "days in year (365|366)" y := Date nameOfDay: 1. "weekday name (#Monday,...)" y := Date nameOfMonth: 1. "month name (#January,...)" y := Date leapYear: 1996. "1 if leap year; 0 if not leap year" y := x weekday. "day of week (#Monday,...)" y := x previous: #Monday. "date for previous day of week" y := x dayOfMonth. "day of month (1-31)" y := x day. "day of year (1-366)" y := x firstDayOfMonth. "day of year for first day of month" y := x monthName. "month of year (#January,...)" y := x monthIndex. "month of year (1-12)" y := x daysInMonth. "days in month (1-31)" y := x year. "year (19xx)" y := x daysInYear. "days in year (365|366)" y := x daysLeftInYear. "days left in year (364|365)" y := x asSeconds. "seconds elapsed since 1/1/1901" y := x addDays: 10. "add days to date object" y := x subtractDays: 10. "subtract days to date object" y := x subtractDate: (Date today). "subtract date (result in days)" y := x printFormat: #(2 1 3 $/ 1 1). "print formatted date" b := (x <= Date today). "comparison"
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>debugging (in category 'pages') ----- debugging + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #debugging" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Debugging' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * debugging: * ************************************************************************" | a b x | x := Object new. x yourself. "returns receiver" String browse. "browse specified class" x inspect. "open object inspector window" x confirm: ''Is this correct?''. x halt. "breakpoint to open debugger window" x halt: ''Halt message''. x notify: ''Notify text''. x error: ''Error string''. "open up error window with title" x shouldNotImplement. "flag message should not be implemented" x subclassResponsibility. "flag message as abstract" x errorImproperStore. "flag an improper store into indexable object" x errorNonIntegerIndex. "flag only integers should be used as index" x errorSubscriptBounds: 13. "flag subscript out of bounds" x primitiveFailed. "system primitive failed"
a := ''A1''. b := ''B2''. a become: b. "switch two objects" Transcript show: a, b; cr.
x doesNotUnderstand: (Message selector: #foo). "flag message is not handled"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>dictionary (in category 'pages') ----- dictionary + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #dictionary" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Dictionary' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Dictionary: * * IdentityDictionary: uses identity test (== rather than =) * ************************************************************************" | b x y sum max | x := Dictionary new. "allocate collection" x add: #a->4; add: #b->3; add: #c->1; add: #d->2; yourself. "add element to collection" x at: #e put: 3. "set element at index" b := x isEmpty. "test if empty" y := x size. "number of elements" y := x at: #a ifAbsent: []. "retrieve element at index" y := x keyAtValue: 3 ifAbsent: []. "retrieve key for given value with error block" y := x removeKey: #e ifAbsent: []. "remove element from collection" b := x includes: 3. "test if element is in values collection" b := x includesKey: #a. "test if element is in keys collection" y := x occurrencesOf: 3. "number of times object in collection" y := x keys. "set of keys" y := x values. "bag of values" x do: [:a | Transcript show: a printString; cr]. "iterate over the values collection" x keysDo: [:a | Transcript show: a printString; cr]. "iterate over the keys collection" x associationsDo: [:a | Transcript show: a printString; cr]. "iterate over the associations" x keysAndValuesDo: [:aKey :aValue | Transcript "iterate over keys and values" show: aKey printString; space; show: aValue printString; cr]. b := x allSatisfy: [:a | (a >= 1) & (a <= 4)]. "test if all elements meet condition" y := x select: [:a | a > 2]. "return collection of elements that pass test" y := x reject: [:a | a < 2]. "return collection of elements that fail test" y := x collect: [:a | a + a]. "transform each element for new collection" y := x detect: [:a | a > 3] ifNone: []. "return first element that passes test" sum := 0. x do: [:a | sum := sum + a]. sum. "sum elements" sum := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | a + c]. "sum elements" max := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | (a > c) "find max element in collection" ifTrue: [a] ifFalse: [c]]. y := x asArray. "convert to array" y := x asOrderedCollection. "convert to ordered collection" y := x asSortedCollection. "convert to sorted collection" y := x asBag. "convert to bag collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
Smalltalk at: #CMRGlobal put: ''CMR entry''. "put global in Smalltalk Dictionary" x := Smalltalk at: #CMRGlobal. "read global from Smalltalk Dictionary" Transcript show: (CMRGlobal printString). "entries are directly accessible by name" Smalltalk keys do: [ :k | "print out all classes" ((Smalltalk at: k) isKindOf: Class) ifFalse: [Transcript show: k printString; cr]]. Smalltalk at: #CMRDictionary put: (Dictionary new). "set up user defined dictionary" CMRDictionary at: #MyVar1 put: ''hello1''. "put entry in dictionary" CMRDictionary add: #MyVar2->''hello2''. "add entry to dictionary use key->value combo" CMRDictionary size. "dictionary size" CMRDictionary keys do: [ :k | "print out keys in dictionary" Transcript show: k printString; cr]. CMRDictionary values do: [ :k | "print out values in dictionary" Transcript show: k printString; cr]. CMRDictionary keysAndValuesDo: [:aKey :aValue | "print out keys and values" Transcript show: aKey printString; space; show: aValue printString; cr]. CMRDictionary associationsDo: [:aKeyValue | "another iterator for printing key values" Transcript show: aKeyValue printString; cr]. Smalltalk removeKey: #CMRGlobal ifAbsent: []. "remove entry from Smalltalk dictionary" Smalltalk removeKey: #CMRDictionary ifAbsent: []. "remove user dictionary from Smalltalk dictionary"
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>dynamic (in category 'pages') ----- dynamic + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #dynamic" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Dynamic Message Calling/Compiling' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Dynamic Message Calling/Compiling: * ************************************************************************" | receiver message result argument keyword1 keyword2 argument1 argument2 | "unary message" receiver := 5. message := ''factorial'' asSymbol. result := receiver perform: message. result := Compiler evaluate: ((receiver storeString), '' '', message). result := (Message new setSelector: message arguments: #()) sentTo: receiver.
"binary message" receiver := 1. message := ''+'' asSymbol. argument := 2. result := receiver perform: message withArguments: (Array with: argument). result := Compiler evaluate: ((receiver storeString), '' '', message, '' '', (argument storeString)). result := (Message new setSelector: message arguments: (Array with: argument)) sentTo: receiver.
"keyword messages" receiver := 12. keyword1 := ''between:'' asSymbol. keyword2 := ''and:'' asSymbol. argument1 := 10. argument2 := 20. result := receiver perform: (keyword1, keyword2) asSymbol withArguments: (Array with: argument1 with: argument2). result := Compiler evaluate: ((receiver storeString), '' '', keyword1, (argument1 storeString) , '' '', keyword2, (argument2 storeString)). result := (Message new setSelector: (keyword1, keyword2) asSymbol arguments: (Array with: argument1 with: argument2)) sentTo: receiver.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>exceptionHandling (in category 'pages') ----- exceptionHandling + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #exceptionHandling" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Exception Handling' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Exceptions: * ************************************************************************" | x | x := Object new. x error: ''Throwing an error''.
NotFound signal. "simply throwing a specific exception" NotFound signal: ''Throwing with a message''. "throwing an exception with a custom text"
x := [ 5 / 0 ] "simple exception handler" on: ZeroDivide do: [ 10 ]. x := [ 5 / 0 ] "processing the exception in an exception handler" on: Error do: [:e | Transcript showln: e printString ]. x := [ 5 / 0 ] "different exception handlers for the same block" on: ZeroDivide do: [ 10 ] on: MessageNotUnderstood do: [ 20 ]. x := [ 5 / 0 ] "one exception handler for two different exceptions" on: ZeroDivide , ArithmeticError do: [ 10 ].
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>fileStream (in category 'pages') ----- fileStream + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #fileStream" - ^HelpTopic title: 'File Stream' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * FileStream: * ************************************************************************" | b x ios | ios := FileStream newFileNamed: ''ios.txt''. ios nextPut: $H; cr. ios nextPutAll: ''Hello File''; cr. ''Hello File'' printOn: ios. ''Hello File'' storeOn: ios. ios close.
ios := FileStream oldFileNamed: ''ios.txt''. [(x := ios nextLine) notNil] whileTrue: [Transcript show: x; cr]. ios position: 3. x := ios position. x := ios next. x := ios peek. b := ios atEnd. ios close.
'!
Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>internalStream (in category 'pages') ----- internalStream + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #internalStream" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Internal Stream' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Internal Stream: * ************************************************************************" | b x ios | ios := ReadStream on: ''Hello read stream''. ios := ReadStream on: ''Hello read stream'' from: 1 to: 5. [(x := ios nextLine) notNil] whileTrue: [Transcript show: x; cr]. ios position: 3. ios position. x := ios next. x := ios peek. x := ios contents. b := ios atEnd.
ios := ReadWriteStream on: ''Hello read stream''. ios := ReadWriteStream on: ''Hello read stream'' from: 1 to: 5. ios := ReadWriteStream with: ''Hello read stream''. ios := ReadWriteStream with: ''Hello read stream'' from: 1 to: 10. ios position: 0. [(x := ios nextLine) notNil] whileTrue: [Transcript show: x; cr]. ios position: 6. ios position. ios nextPutAll: ''Chris''. x := ios next. x := ios peek. x := ios contents. b := ios atEnd.
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>interval (in category 'pages') ----- interval + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #interval" - ^HelpTopic title: 'Interval' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Interval: * ************************************************************************" | b x y sum max | x := Interval from: 5 to: 10. "create interval object" x := 5 to: 10. x := Interval from: 5 to: 10 by: 2. "create interval object with specified increment" x := 5 to: 10 by: 2. b := x isEmpty. "test if empty" y := x size. "number of elements" x includes: 9. "test if element is in collection" x do: [:k | Transcript show: k printString; cr]. "iterate over interval" b := x allSatisfy: [:a | (a >= 1) & (a <= 4)]. "test if all elements meet condition" y := x select: [:a | a > 7]. "return collection of elements that pass test" y := x reject: [:a | a < 2]. "return collection of elements that fail test" y := x collect: [:a | a + a]. "transform each element for new collection" y := x detect: [:a | a > 3] ifNone: []. "return first element that passes test" y := x findFirst: [:a | a > 6]. "find position of first element that passes test" sum := 0. x do: [:a | sum := sum + a]. sum. "sum elements" sum := 0. 1 to: (x size) do: [:a | sum := sum + (x at: a)]. "sum elements" sum := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | a + c]. "sum elements" max := x inject: 0 into: [:a :c | (a > c) "find max element in collection" ifTrue: [a] ifFalse: [c]]. y := x asArray. "convert to array" y := x asOrderedCollection. "convert to ordered collection" y := x asSortedCollection. "convert to sorted collection" y := x asBag. "convert to bag collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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Item was changed: ----- Method: TerseGuideHelp class>>introduction (in category 'pages') ----- introduction + "This method was automatically generated. Edit it using:" + "TerseGuideHelp edit: #introduction" - ^HelpTopic title: 'General' contents:
'"************************************************************************ * Allowable characters: * * - a-z * * - A-Z * * - 0-9 * * - .+/*~<>@%|&? * * - blank, tab, cr, ff, lf * * * * Variables: * * - variables must be declared before use * * - shared vars must begin with uppercase * * - local vars must begin with lowercase * * - reserved names: nil, true, false, self, super, and Smalltalk * * * * Variable scope: * * - Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all * * objects in system * * - Special: (reserved) Smalltalk, super, self, true, false, & nil * * - Method Temporary: local to a method * * - Block Temporary: local to a block * * - Pool: variables in a Dictionary object * * - Method Parameters: automatic local vars created as a result of * * message call with params * * - Block Parameters: automatic local vars created as a result of * * value: message call * * - Class: shared with all instances of one class & its subclasses * * - Class Instance: unique to each instance of a class * * - Instance Variables: unique to each instance * ************************************************************************" "Comments are enclosed in quotes" "Period (.) is the statement seperator"
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