There is a good article talking about 'Classes versus Prototypes' by Antero Taivalsaari in JOOP Nov/Dec 97 Vol 10, No7. It is a good introductory article that also cover the historical and philosophical background of class based and prototype based approach. I would recommend beginner to read it. -- Mark Wai Frontier Systems Architecture Inc. mailto: mwai@ibm.net or:[ mwai@frontiersa.com] __