Hi Ralph,
On Tue, Nov 4, 2014 at 9:09 PM, Ralph Boland rpboland@gmail.com wrote:
Hi Ralph,
On Sun, Nov 2, 2014 at 9:48 PM, Ralph Boland rpboland@gmail.com wrote:
I am working on a parser generator tool (a replacement for SmaCC)
and
one of the things I a m interested in is the direct translation of language specifications into the virtual machine code (SmaCC and my current version of it use Squeak as the target language).
First, a different approach than compiling to Smalltalk is to
compile to
a
parse tree. We do this in the pseudo JavaScript compiler we've
implemented
at Cadence, translating an AST into a Squeak compiler parse tree for
code
generation. Targeting a parse tree gives you much more freedom; you
can
express things that aren't expressible in Smalltalk. And if you
target
bytecodes you can do even more.
I never considered using a parse tree as the target. An interesting
idea
which in many instances may be the best approach. But for my regular expression example I would still want to generate byte codes. In any case I
wouldn't
want to restrict users of my parser generator tool to any one of the three
options
(Smalltalk code, parse tree, byte code). It is my responsibility to make all three
options
as easy and efficient as reasonably possible for users of the parser generator
tool.
Haven't put much thought into this yet though. So far Smalltalk (Squeak) is the
only
option.
One of the problems I have is that, for some languages, the natural translation into VM code uses computed gotos. There are two scenarios here:
1) goto X where X is a variable. 2) goto (coll at: y) where coll is a Collection.
There are several ways of implementing this without computed
bytecodes in
the instruction set, but there is also the possibility of
implementing it
directly in the instruction set.
Off the top of my head one could
- map to perform: using some mangled selector. Yes this is
problematic
because one has to split the scope between the two methods, so in
general
it's not a solution
Doesn't appeal to me.
- map to a case statement, which is what Squeak does. Just map it to
a
sequence of compare and branches. Or better still, to a binary tree. Coincidentally this is used by the JIT to implement block dispatch in methods that contain more than one block. I know of other VM implementations using it for PIC dispatch with really good
performance.
I don't know what you mean my Squeak mapping to a case statement since there is no case statement in Squeak/Smalltalk and I can't off hand
think
of where one is needed (some Squeak users might feel they need one but
that
is a different matter).
But there is. And it is very convenient when one doesn't want to spread
a
case over different classes, or when the cases distribute over values of the same class (e.g. integer values). People often claim that a case statement isn't necessary because one has polymorphism, but unless the language supports singletons (which of course Smalltalk does not) a case statement is much more readable than e.g. an if-then-else tree or a "Dictionary mapping values to blocks or selectors" solution.
Since you're unaware of the case statement I suggest you browse senders
of
caseOf: and caseOf:otherwise: in Squeak trunk (which includes selectors
of
optimized selectors that end up not being sent) or caseError, which is
sent
when there's no otherwise clause. Here's an example:
menuHook: aMenu named: aSymbol shifted: aBool "Enhance aMenu with registered services." aSymbol caseOf: { [ #classListMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self classMenu: aMenu ]. [ #codePaneMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self codePaneMenu: aMenu ]. [ #messageCategoryMenu] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self
messageCategoryMenu:
aMenu ]. [ #messageListMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self messageListMenu:
aMenu ].
[ #systemCategoryMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self classCategoryMenu: aMenu ] } otherwise: [ "do nothing" ]
This compiles down to a sequence of comparisons.
I was aware of caseOf: in Squeak. I always found it awkward to use and felt a true case statement would be simpler. Alas, it's impossible to have a true case statement added to Smalltalk now I think.
So what's a "true" case statement? For me, at least, the Squeak one *is*, and is more general than one limited to purely integer keys, as for example is C's switch statement. A number of languages provide case statements that are like Squeak's. What do you consider a "true" case statement?
caseOf: is user code and thus, in principle, outside the scope of the VM. For example, if I didn't want the sequential search of caseOf: I could implement a method doBlockAt: method in class Dictionary that assumes the values stored in the dictionary are blocks and invokes the block found by performing at: on the arg of doBlockAt:. But the code for both caseOf: and doBlockAt: are written by users so the VM can't optimize it, is forced to have the overhead of using blocks, and must be locked in to the search algorithm the user has chosen (for better or for worse).
The use of compare and branches might be OK in some cases but a mess for the finite state machines generated from regular expressions. Actually, even with computed gotos FSMs are somewhat messy but without them it's worse. I don't know what 'PIC dispatch' is.
Polymorphic inline cache dispatch. In JIT VMs such as Cog polymorphic
send
sites are optimized using jump tables, one jump for each class
encountered
at the send site, up tio some small limit such as 6 cases. Right now in Cog these jump tables are sequential comparisons. But in some VMs,
where
the degree of polymorphism may be much higher (think prototype languages such as JavaScript) a binary tree may be much miore efficient, if harder
to
organize.
To use a binary tree don't I need some kind of computed goto for when I
reach a leaf of the tree????
No. Once you're at the leaf you just include the bytecodes. So for example take the following case statement:
quickPrimitiveGeneratorFor: aQuickPrimitiveIndex
<api> <returnTypeC: 'int (*quickPrimitiveGeneratorFor(sqInt aQuickPrimitiveIndex))(void)'> ^aQuickPrimitiveIndex caseOf: { [256] -> [#genQuickReturnSelf]. [257] -> [#genQuickReturnConstNil]. [258] -> [#genQuickReturnConstTrue]. [259] -> [#genQuickReturnConstFalse]. [260] -> [#genQuickReturnConstMinusOne]. [261] -> [#genQuickReturnConstZero]. [262] -> [#genQuickReturnConstOne]. [263] -> [#genQuickReturnConstTwo] } otherwise: [#genQuickReturnInstVar]
This is compiled in the current Squeak compiler as
61 <10> pushTemp: 0 62 <88> dup 63 <2A> pushConstant: 256 64 <B6> send: = 65 <9B> jumpFalse: 70 66 <87> pop 67 <29> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnSelf 68 <A4 35> jumpTo: 123 70 <88> dup 71 <28> pushConstant: 257 72 <B6> send: = 73 <9B> jumpFalse: 78 74 <87> pop 75 <21> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstNil 76 <A4 2D> jumpTo: 123 ... 117 <22> pushConstant: 263 118 <B6> send: = 119 <99> jumpFalse: 122 120 <21> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstTwo 121 <90> jumpTo: 123 122 <20> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnInstVar 123 <7C> returnTop
but it could be more efficient if the code were
pushTemp: 0 dup pushConstant: 256 send: < jumpFalse: L1 dup pushConstant: 260 send: < jumpFalse: L2 dup pushConstant: 258 send: < jumpFalse: L3 dup pushConstant: 257 send: < jumpFalse: L4 pushConstant: #genQuickReturnSelf jumpTo: L0 pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstNil jumpTo: L0 ...
L1: pushConstant: #genQuickReturnInstVar L0: returnTop
I have no problem with this code per say; if Squeak, the language, had a case statement it could be implemented this way.
You keep on saying it doesn't have one. I disagree.
But I wouldn't want to be forced to implement my FSMs this way. It might be acceptable for small FSMs. I want to avoid sequential search and even binary search might be rather expensive. I look at computed gotos as the solution but, as you pointed out, computed gotos pose problems for JIT. Admittedly, for large FSM's, it might be best or necessary to use a FSM simulator anyway, as I do now.
Nah. One should always be able to map it down somehow. Tis will be easier with the Spur instruction set which lifts number of literals and length of branches limits.
- use thisContext pc: value.
This would be a possibility for me to experiment with for now. When I have a working parser generator tool I could campaign for my computed goto
instructions
to be added to the VM.
This /should/ be fine in the stack VM, but slooooow in the JIT because internally mapping bytecode pcs to
machine
code
pcs is slow, and currently slower still because the frame will be
converted
to a pure context and then converted back into a frame on the return
from
pc:. But this solution isn't to be rejected out-of-hand. It can be optimized to avoid the frame conversion and the JIT might be able to optimize it.
I assume that if computed gotos were used the translation to machine
code
would require a direct mapping of (virtually labeled) bytecode locations to machine code locations. I think this can be done in a reasonable amount of time but others such as yourself clearly understand the issues far better than I do. The dirty solution to start would be to simply not JIT the code that uses computed gotos.
Yes, it could be. The JIT would generate a jump table from the literal containing the bytecoded pcs, and there would be no conversion; only indexing the jump table and jumping. Again, organizing that table as a binary switch may well be faster on modern architectures. Indirect jumps typically involve pipeline stalls, whereas binary jump trees don't.
The main problem is the compiler has no support for labels so
there would be work here.
I don't mind doing the work but to my way of thinking "goto X" is
pretty
basic and is thus best handled at the VM/byte code level. Anything else is
doing
in a complicated way something that is fairly simple. Of course
changing
the VM/byte codes by even a single byte code is a major deal unless
done
when the VM/byte codes are initially created. Alas I must deal with
what
already exists. Even so, my preference is to work with the VM if at
all
possible.
For example, one such language is that of regular expressions,
which I
wish to translate into finite state machines implemented in VM code. In this case I need case 2) gotos where coll is a collection of associations, possibly a Dictionary. I also plan to write a debugger for this (and other
languages)
but that is another story.
I realize that the Cog VM is being built for Smalltalk (Squeak?
Pharo?)
for which the goto instructions are not needed and thus I assume unavailable. But there is something to viewing a virtual machine as general purpose and thus the target of multiple languages as is the case for the Java virtual machine. If the Cog VM is viewed this way then I argue there is a need for my
goto
instructions because some languages have need for them. For example, many languages have case statements. (I am all for
object
oriented but I would be willing to accept a case statement in Smalltalk
too; the
Squeak code implemented one in Squeak doesn't cut it).
I've occasionally thought about this for many years. A computed jump
might
be nice. Eg index an Array literal of pcs with the integer on top of stack, falling through on bad type or out of range.
This is the way I am thinking. If there are other reasons for a
computed
jumpTo as well all the better.
Anyway, I am not arguing to Change Squeak or Smalltalk but I am
arguing
to have my goto instructions in Cog VM. Is there any chance of
this?????
There's no chance of me spending time implementing this any time
soon. I
have too much high-priority tasks to tackle this. But I want to
encourage
you or others to have a go implementing it. It's fun!
I understand and am willing to be the one to add one or more computed
jump
instructions, including working on the JIT code generator if needed. As you say it should be fun (and also educational). But
- I am pretty busy now too and probably won't get to this for a
year.
- If I am to do this it would be great if someone can write a
specification as to what is to be done. If someone can write this now that would
be
great but if they write it when I post that I am ready to do the work
that
would also be fine. 3) I don't want to just have my own private VM/byte codes. I want users of my parser generator tool to be able to load it into a standard version of Squeak and run it there including the possible generation of compilers for compiling their domain specific language programs into byte codes if
desired.
Sure. Get back to me when you're ready to work on it and I'll write the specification, and help you with whatever info you need. There should be room in the bytecode sets we'll likely be using next year.
WILL DO. SHOULD BE FUN. WILL DO. SHOULD BE FUN. WILL DO. SHOULD BE FUN.
Great, thanks!!
I don't know the Squeak VM or the Cog VM either but I assume these instructions don't exist because I see no need of them when the
source
language is Squeak or any version of Smalltalk for that matter. I also assume
that
there is already a full list of 256 instructions in the Cog VM and thus no room for
my
goto
instructions unless some instructions are removed.
Are there Cog VM instructions that are so rarely used that they
could be
removed without unreasonably slowing down the Cog VM interpretation of byte codes generated from Squeak source code?????
The current set has 3 unused bytecodes, one of which Spur uses, so effectively there are two unused bytecodes.
Levente Uzonyi in his posting pointed out that only one instruction is needed. I don't like having to push the address to jump to onto the stack, preferring a byte code with an argument, but I could live with his solution if that is
what
is decided. In the case of goto coll at: X the address is likely to end up on
top
of the stack anyway so Levente's jumpToTop instruction looks good in any case.
If the bytecode is one that takes an integer on top of stack, and an
Array
literal containing bytecode pcs, falling through on out of range, then nothing other than the index need be pushed on top of stack. That would
be
my preference.
Again, for my FSM, case this would often be considered to be good. But if the state transition tables are sparse then Dictionaries might be preferable to Arrays.
Yes, but getting to the limit of what the VM can reasonably interpret. Better would be an Array of value. pc pairs, where the keys are the values the switch bytecode compares top of stack against, and the pcs are where to jump to on a match. The JIT can therefore implement the table as it sees fit, whereas the interpreter can just do a linear search through the Array.
My expection is that at: be sent to the collection object
to get the address to go to. Knowing that the collection is an array though makes it easier for the compiler/VM to ensure that the addresses stored in the collection are valid. Actually, the compiler will be generating the addresses. Does the VM have absolute trust in the compiler to generate valid addresses?
Yes. Generate bad bytecode and the VM crashes.
What if the compiler is generated by my parser generator tool?
Same. Once the tool is generating correct bytecode the VM should stop crashing ;-)
The Cog VMs support multiple bytecode sets. If you look at the
BytecodeSets package on VMMaker you can read the class comments of
the
BytecodeEncoder subclasses such as EncoderForSistaV1. These bytecode
sets
have a few more unused bytecodes. This multiple bytecode set
support is
better implemented in Spur where there is only one compiled method
header
format and support for 64k literals. So let me encourage you to
move to
Spur and to look at the Sista set. The class comment of each encoder
class
specifies the instruction set it targets.
I am prepared to work with Spur and the Sista set. I am looking for someone to say that if I do this work that incorporating the work into Spur will
be
seriously considered.
I can say that, yes. I will seriously consider adding it. I think its a useful thing in the bytecode set, precisely to allow compiling other languages to the VM.
GLAD TO HEAR THIS.
You're welcome.
Ralph Boland
-- best, Eliot
Ralph
On 3 November 2014 12:34, vm-dev-request@lists.squeakfoundation.org wrote:
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Today's Topics:
- Re: goto instruction with Cog VM (Eliot Miranda)
Message: 1 Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2014 11:34:48 -0800 From: Eliot Miranda eliot.miranda@gmail.com Subject: Re: [Vm-dev] goto instruction with Cog VM To: Squeak Virtual Machine Development Discussion vm-dev@lists.squeakfoundation.org Message-ID: < CAC20JE1RduKQW_EdMsfah156QnTbR8USt9dEb4mj1rb15rndqA@mail.gmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Hi Ralph,
On Sun, Nov 2, 2014 at 9:48 PM, Ralph Boland rpboland@gmail.com wrote:
I am working on a parser generator tool (a replacement for SmaCC) and one of the things I a m interested in is the direct translation of language specifications into the virtual machine code (SmaCC and my current version of it use Squeak as the target language).
First, a different approach than compiling to Smalltalk is to compile
to
a
parse tree. We do this in the pseudo JavaScript compiler we've
implemented
at Cadence, translating an AST into a Squeak compiler parse tree for
code
generation. Targeting a parse tree gives you much more freedom; you
can
express things that aren't expressible in Smalltalk. And if you
target
bytecodes you can do even more.
I never considered using a parse tree as the target. An interesting
idea
which in many instances may be the best approach. But for my regular expression example I would still want to generate byte codes. In any case I
wouldn't
want to restrict users of my parser generator tool to any one of the three
options
(Smalltalk code, parse tree, byte code). It is my responsibility to make all three
options
as easy and efficient as reasonably possible for users of the parser generator tool. Haven't put much thought into this yet though. So far Smalltalk (Squeak) is the
only
option.
One of the problems I have is that, for some languages, the natural translation into VM code uses computed gotos. There are two scenarios here:
1) goto X where X is a variable. 2) goto (coll at: y) where coll is a Collection.
There are several ways of implementing this without computed
bytecodes in
the instruction set, but there is also the possibility of
implementing it
directly in the instruction set.
Off the top of my head one could
- map to perform: using some mangled selector. Yes this is
problematic
because one has to split the scope between the two methods, so in
general
it's not a solution
Doesn't appeal to me.
- map to a case statement, which is what Squeak does. Just map it to a
sequence of compare and branches. Or better still, to a binary tree. Coincidentally this is used by the JIT to implement block dispatch in methods that contain more than one block. I know of other VM implementations using it for PIC dispatch with really good
performance.
I don't know what you mean my Squeak mapping to a case statement since there is no case statement in Squeak/Smalltalk and I can't off hand
think
of where one is needed (some Squeak users might feel they need one but that is a different matter).
But there is. And it is very convenient when one doesn't want to spread a case over different classes, or when the cases distribute over values of the same class (e.g. integer values). People often claim that a case statement isn't necessary because one has polymorphism, but unless the language supports singletons (which of course Smalltalk does not) a case statement is much more readable than e.g. an if-then-else tree or a "Dictionary mapping values to blocks or selectors" solution.
Since you're unaware of the case statement I suggest you browse senders of caseOf: and caseOf:otherwise: in Squeak trunk (which includes selectors of optimized selectors that end up not being sent) or caseError, which is sent when there's no otherwise clause. Here's an example:
menuHook: aMenu named: aSymbol shifted: aBool "Enhance aMenu with registered services." aSymbol caseOf: { [ #classListMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self classMenu: aMenu ]. [ #codePaneMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self codePaneMenu: aMenu ]. [ #messageCategoryMenu] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self messageCategoryMenu: aMenu ]. [ #messageListMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self messageListMenu: aMenu ]. [ #systemCategoryMenu ] -> [ ServiceGui browser: self classCategoryMenu: aMenu ] } otherwise: [ "do nothing" ]
This compiles down to a sequence of comparisons.
The use of compare and branches might be OK in some cases
but a mess for the finite state machines generated from regular expressions. Actually, even with computed gotos FSMs are somewhat messy but without them it's worse. I don't know what 'PIC dispatch' is.
Polymorphic inline cache dispatch. In JIT VMs such as Cog polymorphic send sites are optimized using jump tables, one jump for each class encountered at the send site, up tio some small limit such as 6 cases. Right now in Cog these jump tables are sequential comparisons. But in some VMs, where the degree of polymorphism may be much higher (think prototype languages such as JavaScript) a binary tree may be much miore efficient, if harder to organize.
To use a binary tree don't I need some kind of computed goto for when I
reach a leaf of the tree????
No. Once you're at the leaf you just include the bytecodes. So for example take the following case statement:
quickPrimitiveGeneratorFor: aQuickPrimitiveIndex
<api> <returnTypeC: 'int (*quickPrimitiveGeneratorFor(sqInt aQuickPrimitiveIndex))(void)'> ^aQuickPrimitiveIndex caseOf: { [256] -> [#genQuickReturnSelf]. [257] -> [#genQuickReturnConstNil]. [258] -> [#genQuickReturnConstTrue]. [259] -> [#genQuickReturnConstFalse]. [260] -> [#genQuickReturnConstMinusOne]. [261] -> [#genQuickReturnConstZero]. [262] -> [#genQuickReturnConstOne]. [263] -> [#genQuickReturnConstTwo] } otherwise: [#genQuickReturnInstVar]
This is compiled in the current Squeak compiler as
61 <10> pushTemp: 0 62 <88> dup 63 <2A> pushConstant: 256 64 <B6> send: = 65 <9B> jumpFalse: 70 66 <87> pop 67 <29> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnSelf 68 <A4 35> jumpTo: 123 70 <88> dup 71 <28> pushConstant: 257 72 <B6> send: = 73 <9B> jumpFalse: 78 74 <87> pop 75 <21> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstNil 76 <A4 2D> jumpTo: 123 ... 117 <22> pushConstant: 263 118 <B6> send: = 119 <99> jumpFalse: 122 120 <21> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstTwo 121 <90> jumpTo: 123 122 <20> pushConstant: #genQuickReturnInstVar 123 <7C> returnTop
but it could be more efficient if the code were
pushTemp: 0 dup pushConstant: 256 send: < jumpFalse: L1 dup pushConstant: 260 send: < jumpFalse: L2 dup pushConstant: 258 send: < jumpFalse: L3 dup pushConstant: 257 send: < jumpFalse: L4 pushConstant: #genQuickReturnSelf jumpTo: L0 pushConstant: #genQuickReturnConstNil jumpTo: L0 ...
L1: pushConstant: #genQuickReturnInstVar L0: returnTop
- use thisContext pc: value.
This would be a possibility for me to experiment with for now. When I have a working parser generator tool I could campaign for my computed goto instructions to be added to the VM.
This /should/ be fine in the stack VM, but slooooow in the JIT because internally mapping bytecode pcs to machine
code
pcs is slow, and currently slower still because the frame will be
converted
to a pure context and then converted back into a frame on the return
from
pc:. But this solution isn't to be rejected out-of-hand. It can be optimized to avoid the frame conversion and the JIT might be able to optimize it.
I assume that if computed gotos were used the translation to machine
code
would require a direct mapping of (virtually labeled) bytecode locations to machine code locations. I think this can be done in a reasonable amount of time but others such as yourself clearly understand the issues far better than I do. The dirty solution to start would be to simply not JIT the code that uses computed gotos.
Yes, it could be. The JIT would generate a jump table from the literal containing the bytecoded pcs, and there would be no conversion; only indexing the jump table and jumping. Again, organizing that table as a binary switch may well be faster on modern architectures. Indirect jumps typically involve pipeline stalls, whereas binary jump trees don't.
The main problem is the compiler has no support for labels so
there would be work here.
I don't mind doing the work but to my way of thinking "goto X" is
pretty
basic and is thus best handled at the VM/byte code level. Anything else is
doing
in a complicated way something that is fairly simple. Of course
changing
the VM/byte codes by even a single byte code is a major deal unless done when the VM/byte codes are initially created. Alas I must deal with
what
already exists. Even so, my preference is to work with the VM if at all possible.
For example, one such language is that of regular expressions, which
I
wish to translate into finite state machines implemented in VM code. In this case I need case 2) gotos where coll is a collection of associations, possibly a Dictionary. I also plan to write a debugger for this (and other
languages)
but that is another story.
I realize that the Cog VM is being built for Smalltalk (Squeak?
Pharo?)
for which the goto instructions are not needed and thus I assume unavailable. But there is something to viewing a virtual machine as general purpose and thus the target of multiple languages as is the case for the Java virtual machine. If the Cog VM is viewed this way then I argue there is a need for my
goto
instructions because some languages have need for them. For example, many languages have case statements. (I am all for
object
oriented but I would be willing to accept a case statement in Smalltalk too;
the
Squeak code implemented one in Squeak doesn't cut it).
I've occasionally thought about this for many years. A computed jump
might
be nice. Eg index an Array literal of pcs with the integer on top of stack, falling through on bad type or out of range.
This is the way I am thinking. If there are other reasons for a
computed
jumpTo as well all the better.
Anyway, I am not arguing to Change Squeak or Smalltalk but I am
arguing
to have my goto instructions in Cog VM. Is there any chance of
this?????
There's no chance of me spending time implementing this any time
soon. I
have too much high-priority tasks to tackle this. But I want to
encourage
you or others to have a go implementing it. It's fun!
I understand and am willing to be the one to add one or more computed
jump
instructions, including working on the JIT code generator if needed. As you say it should be fun (and also educational). But
- I am pretty busy now too and probably won't get to this for a
year.
- If I am to do this it would be great if someone can write a
specification as to what is to be done. If someone can write this now that would be great but if they write it when I post that I am ready to do the work that would also be fine. 3) I don't want to just have my own private VM/byte codes. I want users of my parser generator tool to be able to load it into a standard version of Squeak and run it there including the possible generation of compilers for compiling their domain specific language programs into byte codes if
desired.
Sure. Get back to me when you're ready to work on it and I'll write the specification, and help you with whatever info you need. There should be room in the bytecode sets we'll likely be using next year.
I don't know the Squeak VM or the Cog VM either but I assume these instructions don't exist because I see no need of them when the
source
language is Squeak or any version of Smalltalk for that matter. I also assume
that
there is already a full list of 256 instructions in the Cog VM and thus no room for my
goto
instructions unless some instructions are removed.
Are there Cog VM instructions that are so rarely used that they
could be
removed without unreasonably slowing down the Cog VM interpretation of byte codes generated from Squeak source code?????
The current set has 3 unused bytecodes, one of which Spur uses, so effectively there are two unused bytecodes.
Levente Uzonyi in his posting pointed out that only one instruction is needed. I don't like having to push the address to jump to onto the stack, preferring a byte code with an argument, but I could live with his solution if that is
what
is decided. In the case of goto coll at: X the address is likely to end up on top of the stack anyway so Levente's jumpToTop instruction looks good in any case.
If the bytecode is one that takes an integer on top of stack, and an Array literal containing bytecode pcs, falling through on out of range, then nothing other than the index need be pushed on top of stack. That would be my preference.
The Cog VMs support multiple bytecode sets. If you look at the
BytecodeSets package on VMMaker you can read the class comments of the BytecodeEncoder subclasses such as EncoderForSistaV1. These bytecode
sets
have a few more unused bytecodes. This multiple bytecode set support
is
better implemented in Spur where there is only one compiled method
header
format and support for 64k literals. So let me encourage you to move
to
Spur and to look at the Sista set. The class comment of each encoder
class
specifies the instruction set it targets.
I am prepared to work with Spur and the Sista set. I am looking for someone to say that if I do this work that incorporating the work into Spur will be seriously considered.
I can say that, yes. I will seriously consider adding it. I think its a useful thing in the bytecode set, precisely to allow compiling other languages to the VM.
Ralph Boland
-- best, Eliot
vm-dev@lists.squeakfoundation.org