Sharing an interesting paper I bumped into..
A fork() in the road
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2019/04/fork-hotos19.p...
in particular Figure 1 - fork versus spawn performance And something I didn't realise...
a process using, DPDK with a kernel-bypass NIC [12], or OpenCL with a
GPU,
cannot safely fork since the OS cannot duplicate the process state on the
NIC/GPU.
This appears to have been a continuing source of bafflement among GPU programmers for a decade at least
cheers -ben